BUY NOW: Melanin Is Worth More Than Gold by Nnamdi Azikiwe #MIWMTG
Melanin is a chemical, chemicals have a dollar value, what is the dollar value of melanin? The price of melanin, the aromatic biopolymer and organic semiconductor that makes black people black, is gone$380 a gram more than gold. Since we've learned that melanin is so valuable, we've realized that several myths about melanin have been perpetuated. This blog post is an attempt to dispel those myths with the top 10 facts about melanin.
In a previous post we established what we take into accountTop 10 Myths About Melanin.In the interest of maat or fairness, we present the top 10 facts about melanin in the hope that they will help separate fact from fiction.
Top 10 facts about melanin
- EsIt is an aromatic biopolymer.
- Esit is an organic semiconductor. A bistable melanin exchange was performed in 1974. The three samples used were fungal tyrosinase exposed to tyrosine for 4 days, autoxidation of L-Dopa in 1 liter of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for one week, and isolation of melanin extracted from tumor human melanoma.
- There are actually three types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and allomelanin. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are mainly found in vertebrates, fungi and microorganisms. Eumelanin is brown and black. Pheomelanin is red and yellow. Allomelanin is also brown and black. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are found in animal skin, bird feathers, fish scales, insect chitin, and microorganisms. Allomelanin is found in plants and fungi such as Aspergillus niger.
- It protects living things from environmental influences such as radiation, including UV radiation, and also from temperature extremes. It is used by radiotrophic fungi to convert radiation into chemical energy.Wangiella dermatitidisECryptococcus neoformansgrow faster when exposed to ionizing radiation.Radiation increases the metabolic activity of cells.
- Melanin is worth over $441one gram more than gold. It is harvested from the ink ofsepia officinalis, the common squid.Sepia melanin is the sameMolecule like all melaninno realm alive.
- he finished258,000 scientific articleswith melanin in any way, shape, form or fashion.
- Millions of years pass before it starts to decompose. Fossil melanin was found 160 million years agofossil ink bags,fossil feathers,fossil skinEFish Eye Fossils.
- Its molecular structure is unknown. Spectroscopic analysis uses radiation, including light, to distinguish the structure of molecules. As mentioned above, melanin absorbs radiation. Light is electromagnetic radiation, just like ultraviolet radiation.spectroscopyis incapable of amolecular analysis of melaninbecause it absorbs the energy spent in the process.
- In human skin and the choroid of the eye, melanin is produced by a specialized cell known as an amelanocyte. The melanocyte comes from a part of the embryo known ascrista neural. Other cells in the body produce melanin, but it is not derived from the neural crest. Neural crest cells also contribute neuronsperipheral nervous system. The choroid layer was first thought to be composed of the substance known as melanin by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in Volume 9 of his 1840 bookchemistry book.
- Melanin was first observed by Marcelo Malpighi under a primitive microscope, as documented in his 1665 work De Externo Tactus Organo Anatomica Observario. For almost 200 years, it was believed that the "rete mucosum" was a layer of mucus created by the supposed "scorching effect of the sun".
human hair melanin
It is the fountain of youth. It nourishes the skinlooks young. Melanin was first observed in July 1896 as the chemical that gives human skin its color.Abel and Davis. They identified the chemical in human skin as the same chemical in the eye's choroid and in Sepia officinalis ink.
More facts about melanin from African Centered Education
Thank you, we have more than top 10 facts about melaninAfrica centered education:
„…is capable of acting as an electron transfer agent in various oxidation-reduction systems.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003986176903040
"In dark-skinned individuals, the high concentration of melanin in the epidermis absorbs high energies..."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020204
„…absorbs light in a wide range of wavelengths from 250 nm to 1200 nm…”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825126/
"...[is present] in liver and heart tissue..."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/870326
"...Resistance to multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with darker skin pigmentation"
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8748085
"...has anti-radial efficacy [...] and increases the number of live births..."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15700809
“Melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases in humans during pregnancy. This, along with increased estrogens, leads to increased pigmentation in pregnant women.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone
"The presence of melanin pigments in organisms is associated with radiation protection and, in some cases, increased growth in the presence of high levels of ionizing radiation."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21632287
"...the incidence of pineal calcification, which reflects the gland's secretory activity, is significantly lower in African and American black populations compared to white populations." - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1342018
“Melanin and hemoglobin strongly absorb light in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible ranges and have low absorption in the near-infrared range. Melanin, in particular, has a photoprotective effect due to its light-absorbing properties (Kollias et al, 1991).”http://web.archive.org/web/2015*/http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v117/n6/full/5601313a.html
“Evidence has been presented that melanization of the skin and other tissues is an important component of the innate immune system. One of the main functions of melanocytes, melanosomes and melanin in the skin is to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria, fungi and other parasitic infections of the dermis and epidermis.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11419954
"...the eumelanin model had more reduced groups than oxidized groups that were accessible for reaction with radicals." of pigment granules are produced.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10218640
“The skin of black patients was associated with the cytoplasmic pattern of autofluorescence. Compared with lighter skin, black skin was also significantly associated with increased autofluorescence intensity, suggesting that epidermal autofluorescence corresponds to the clinical grade of pigmentation. Black hair showed more fluorescence than Caucasian hair, and darker hair (brown to black) showed more fluorescence than lighter hair (blonde). This could be related to melanin and its degradation products.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/511435
“Regarding the solid-state properties of eumelanin, the current paradigm is that these systems are amorphous organic semiconductors. This model has been used to explain the unusual electrical conductivity and photoconductivity..." "Equally important for understanding the biological functions of melanin is the proper characterization of its ability to bind metal ions..." "It is believed that melanin be a photoprotective pigment is. The protective effect of melanin is related to its high efficiency in the absorption and dispersion of photons, especially the higher energy photons of the UV and blue part of the solar spectrum. Due to ultra-fast photodynamics, the energy of absorbed photons is quickly and efficiently converted into heat." "...Melanin has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17083485
“…Neuromelanin is not homogeneous, as is commonly believed, but consists of various substrate-specific black pigments formed by oxidation of o.diphenols or other oxygenated precursors (substantia nigra…, locus coeruleus…, retinal or ocular pigmented epithelium…, inner ear..., and so on). Ocular...is designed to protect the eye by scavenging metals and free radicals.” “Skin and eye melanin are chemically different. However, both are involved in absorbing/dissipating light. It is believed that the structure of the black particle (melanin cage) is fundamental to this process, as there is a common bioelectric mechanism.” “…it is emphasized that intracellular melanogenesis is a fundamental and genetically controlled physiological process. It has been repeatedly asserted that the binding of iron, heavy metals, free radicals and harmful chemicals by substantia nigra melanin is critical for detoxification/protection of the body." "...substantia nigra melanin functions as a semiconductor that transmits nerve impulses in reversible and modulated form. In fact, melanin in the substantia nigra is absent or significantly scarce in two life situations in which motor coordination is inefficient (neonates) or severely impaired (Parkinson).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949901
…converts light directly for metabolism in vertebrates: dark human skin.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479839
Antioxidant properties of melanin in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16613501
Melanin pigments in the human pineal gland
http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=8&issueid=32&articleid=379&action=article
…protects choroidal blood vessels from phototoxicity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16869503
…protects melanocytes and keratinocytes from H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks through its ability to bind Ca2+.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14980501
Neuromelanin of the substantia nigra: a neuronal black hole with protective and toxic properties.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14585596
Sound needs healthy melanocytes to be heard.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10614574
The growing role and presence of neuromelanins in the human brain
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791353/
The melanin system protects cells from radiation
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9670752